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Rabid |
Describes an animal that is infected with rabies. | |
Raccoon eyes |
Bruising under the eyes that may indicate a skull fracture. | |
Rachi/o |
Spinal column; vertebrae | |
Radi/o |
X-Rays; radioactivity; radius | |
Radial artery |
The major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side. | |
Radiant energy |
Energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes heat, light, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and other forms. | |
Radiate |
Diverge from a central point. | |
Radiation |
The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy, for example heat gain from a fire. | |
Radicul/o |
Nerve root | |
Radioactive material |
Any material that emits radiation. | |
Radioactivity |
The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy are emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable. | |
Radioisotope |
Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior. | |
Radiologic Dispersal Device (RDD) |
Any container that is designed to disperse radioactive material. | |
Radius |
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm. | |
Rales |
A crackling or bubbling sound in the lungs; a crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles. | |
Ramus |
A branch of a nerve, artery, vein, or bone. | |
Range of motion |
The range, usually expressed in degrees, through which a joint can move or be moved (ROM). | |
Range of motion, active |
The free movement across any joint of moving levers that is produced by contracting muscles (AROM). | |
Range of motion, passive |
The free movement that is produced by external forces across any joint or moving levers (PROM). | |
Rape |
Sexual intercourse inflicted forcibly on another person, against that person's will. | |
Rapid extraction technique |
A technique to move a patient from a sitting position inside a vehicle to supine on a backboard in less than 1 minute when conditions do not allow for standing immobilization. | |
Rapport |
A harmonious relationship marked by trust, openness, and mutual understanding that you build with your patient/client. | |
Re- |
Back; again; backward | |
Reassessment |
A step within the patient assessment process that is performed at regular intervals to identify and treat changes in a patient's condition. A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed every 5 minutes, whereas a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes. | |
Rebif (Rx) |
Brand name; Rebif or Avonex. Generic name; Interferon Beta-1A, recombinant. Classified as an Antiviral, Antiproliferative, and immunomodulator. It reduces symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis and is used for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It works by using the protein Interferon (not a cure) to help decrease balance problems, weakness, numbness, and slow the disease. Clients who take Avonex or Rebif may experience liver problems, depression, and flu-like symptoms. It is best to never perform deep treatment work, use caution around injection site, and never massage the day of, or day after injection. | |
-Receptor; -Ceptor |
Receiver | |
Receptor |
A peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli; molecule that binds specifically with other molecules, e.g., hormones and neurotransmitters. | |
Reciprocal inhibition |
Stimulation of an antagonist muscle to inhibit action in the prime mover. | |
Reciprocal innervation |
The circuitry of neurons that allows reciprocal inhibition to take place. One can use reciprocal innervation therapeutically to assist in muscle relaxation. | |
Recovery |
The process of regaining strength, composure, and balance. Combating a disorder. | |
Recovery position |
A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately. | |
Rect/o |
Rectum | |
Rectum |
The lowermost end of the colon. | |
Red blood cells |
Cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues; also called erythrocytes. | |
Reduce |
Return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set. | |
Reduction |
Return of the spinal column to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. ADduction of the spine; restoring broken bone ends (or a dislocated bone) to its original position. | |
Redundant messages |
Communication that is so repetitious that the people on the receiving end tend to stop listening. | |
Referred pain |
Pain felt in a surface area far from the stimulated organ; pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located. | |
Reflection |
A communication method in which the essence of a message is captured and relayed back by rephrasing what the other person said, rather than repeating it verbatim. | |
Reflex |
An automatic, involuntary reation to a stimulus. | |
Reflex arc |
The pathway that a nerve impulse follows in a reflex action; neural pathway for reflexes. | |
Refract |
Bend; usually refers to light. | |
Refractory period |
The period of unresponsiveness to threshold stimulation. | |
Refusal of care |
Declined treatment based on an informed consent. | |
Regional anatomy |
The study of the structures of a particular area of the body. | |
Registration |
A regulatory method by which a government agency keeps track of practitioners by informational recordkeeping. These types of programs can entail title protection and practice exclusivity. | |
Rehabilitation area |
The area that provides protection and treatment to fire fighters and other personnel working at an emergency. Here, workers are medically monitored and receive any needed care as they enter and leave the scene. | |
Rehabilitation supervisor |
In incident command, the person who establishes an area that provides protection for responders from the elements and the situation. | |
Reiki |
A form of energy healing. Reiki involves gentle touch that directs chi (Qi or Ki) for the purpose of strengthening the client's energy system. Qi or chi (in China) and Ki (in Japan) is the term used by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) or Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioners meaning universal life force energy. | |
Relpax (Rx) |
Brand name; Relpax. Generic name; Eletriptan hydrobromide. Classified as an Antimigraine. It relieves migraine headache symptoms used for the treatment of Migraine headaches. It works by narrowing blood vessels around the brain and reducing substances in the body that can trigger migraine symptoms such as headache pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound. Clients who take Relpax may experience palpitations, dizziness, flushing, or abdominal pain. It is best to create a calming environment, help client on/off the table, and alter positioning when needed. | |
Remission |
A reversal of signs and symptoms in chronic disease that can be temporary or permanent. | |
Ren/o |
Kidney | |
Renal |
Pertaining to the kidney. | |
Renal calculus |
A kidney stone. | |
Renal pelvis |
A cone-shaped collecting area that connects the ureter and the kidney. | |
Renin |
A substance released by the kidneys that is involved with raising blood pressure. | |
Repeater |
A special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency. | |
Repolarization |
Restoration of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state. | |
Repression |
A defense mechanism in which feelings or memories that are too painful to bear are blocked from conscious awareness. | |
Reproductive system |
Organ system that functions to produce offspring. | |
Requip (Rx) |
Brand name; Requip. Generic name; Ropinirole hydrochloride. Classified as an Antiparkinson medication. It increases physical mobility in Parkinson's patients and is used for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. It acts like dopamine (neurotransmitter in the brain), and a systemic chemical messenger. Clients who take Requip may experience cardiac complications, difficulty breathing, fatigue, weakness, impotence, and hallucinations. It is best to help the client on/off the table, adjust positioning for breathing difficulties, and be careful awakening if client falls asleep because abruptness may disorient them. | |
Res ipsa loquitor |
When the EMT or an EMS service is held liable even when the plaintiff is unable to clearly demonstrate how an injury occurred. | |
Rescue supervisor |
In incident command, the person appointed to determine the type of equipment and resources needed for a situation involving extrication or special rescue; also called the extrication officer. | |
Residual volume |
The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. | |
Respir/o |
Breath | |
Respiration |
The movement of air in and out of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood, and the exchange between blood and body tissues; the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. | |
Respiratory rate |
The number of breaths in 1 minute. | |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
A virus that causes an infection of lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs, or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets. | |
Respiratory system |
Organ system that carries out gas exchange; includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; all structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts. | |
Responsiveness |
The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them; see also irritability; the way in which a client responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli. | |
Resuscit/o |
To revive | |
Reticul/o |
Network | |
Reticular activating system |
Located in the upper brain stem; responsible for maintenance of consciousness, specifically one's level of arousal. | |
Reticular fibers |
Delicate, connective tissue fibers that occur in networks and support small structures, such as capillaries, nerve fibers, and basement membrane. Reticular fibers are made of a specialized type of collagen called reticulin. | |
Reticulum |
A fine network. | |
Retin/o |
Retina | |
Retina |
Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones; the light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electrical impulses, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain. | |
Retinaculum |
A network, usually pertaining to a band of connective tissue. | |
Retinal detachment |
Separation of the retina from its attachments at the back of the eye. | |
Retraction |
Backward movement in a horizontal plane. | |
Retractions |
Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs durring inspiration. | |
Retro- |
Behind; back; backward | |
Retrograde amnesia |
The inability to remember events leading up to a head injury. | |
Retroperitoneal |
Behind the abdominal cavity. | |
Retroperitoneal space |
The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract. | |
Reverse triage |
A triage process in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest, and different from conventional triage where such patients would be classified as deceased. Used in triage multiple victims of a lightning strike. | |
Revised Trauma Score (RTS) |
A scoring system used for patients with head trauma. | |
Rhabd/o |
Rod | |
Rhabdomy/o |
Striated or skeletal muscle | |
Rhe/o |
Flow; current; stream | |
Rheumat/o |
Watery flow | |
Rhin/o |
Nose | |
Rhiz/o |
Root | |
Rhod/o |
Red; rosy | |
Rhonchi |
Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways. | |
Rhythm/o |
Rhythm | |
Rhytid/o |
Wrinkle | |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
Nucleic acids that transfer genetic information and control cellular chemical activities; the nucleic acid that contains ribose; acts in protein synthesis. | |
Ribosomes |
Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. | |
Ricin |
A neurotoxin derived from mash that is left from the castor bean; causes pulmonary edema and respiratory and circulatory failure leading to death. | |
Right of refusal |
The entitlement of both the client and the practitioner to end a session or to decline to receive or give a particular kind of manipulation or technique. | |
Rights |
What clients are entitled to receive. They are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. | |
Rigid boundary |
A boundary which is very firm and distinct. A rigid boundary severely limits the flow of information and feelings moving in or out. | |
Rigor mortis |
Stiffening of the body; a definitive sign of death. | |
Rods |
One of the two types of photosensitive cells in the retina. | |
Roentgen/o |
X-Rays | |
Role-playing |
Usually a structured exercise in which students or colleagues take a role- for instance, as client or practitioner- and act out a specific situation as a way of becoming more comfortable with handling the situation in real life. | |
Rolfing |
Manipulation of the myofascial system to integrate the physical structure toward greater balance, ease, and centeredness by releasing tension patterns in the connective tissue. Developed by Dr. Ida P. Rolf. | |
Root |
A word element that contains the basic meaning of the word. | |
Rooting reflex |
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. | |
Ropinirole hydrochloride (Rx) |
Brand name; Requip. Generic name; Ropinirole hydrochloride. Classified as an Antiparkinson medication. It increases physical mobility in Parkinson's patients and is used for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. It acts like dopamine (neurotransmitter in the brain), and a systemic chemical messenger. Clients who take Requip may experience cardiac complications, difficulty breathing, fatigue, weakness, impotence, and hallucinations. It is best to help the client on/off the table, adjust positioning for breathing difficulties, and be careful awakening if client falls asleep because abruptness may disorient them. | |
Rose/o |
Rosy | |
Rot/o, Rotat/o |
Turn; revolve | |
Rotate |
To turn about an axis. | |
Rotation |
Partial turning or pivoting in an arc around a central axis. | |
Rotigotine (Rx) |
Brand name; Neupro. Generic name; Rotigotine. Classified as a Dopamine agonist. It reduces symptoms of early stage Parkinson's Disease and is used for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. It works by helping to restore the balance of dopamine in the brain. Clients who take Neupro may experience fatigue, joint pain, dry mouth, and constipation. It is best to not massage around patch. Abdominal massage may help relieve constipation. | |
Rosen method bodywork |
A method that uses gentle touch coupled with verbal communication to help clients become aware of and release unconscious physical and emotional tension. The practitioner notices changes in muscle tension and shifts in breathing patterns and uses them as a guide to enhance clients' awareness of their internal experience. Developed by Marion Rosen. | |
Route of exposure |
The manner by which a toxic substance enters the body. | |
-Rrhage |
Bursting forth (of blood) | |
-Rrhagia |
Bursting forth (of blood) | |
-Rrhaphy |
Suture | |
-Rrhea |
Flow; discharge | |
-Rrhexis |
Rupture | |
Rubr/o, Rubr/i |
Red | |
Rugae |
Elevations or ridges, as in the mucosa of the stomach. | |
Rule of nines |
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area. | |
Rupture |
The tearing or disruption of connective tissue fibers that takes place when they exceed the limits of the plastic range. | |
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